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Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate

钼酸铵四水合物

公司名称: Sigma-Aldrich
产品编号: 9880
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Highly Accurate Real-time Measurement of Rapid Hydrogen-peroxide Dynamics in Fungi
Author:
Date:
2016-12-20
[Abstract]  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unavoidable by-products of aerobic metabolism. Despite beneficial aspects as a signaling molecule, ROS are principally recognized as harmful agents that act on nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Reactive oxygen species, and, in particular, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are deployed as defense molecules across kingdoms, e.g., by plants in order to defeat invading pathogens like fungi. Necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungi themselves secrete H2O2 to induce host cell death and facilitate infection. Hydrogen ... [摘要]  活性氧(ROS)是有氧代谢的副产物。尽管作为信号分子的有利方面,ROS主要被认为是作用于核酸,蛋白质和脂质的有害物质。反应性氧物质,特别是过氧化氢(H 2 O 2 O 2),作为防御分子跨越诸如,通过植物为了击败入侵病原体如真菌。营养不良的植物致病真菌本身分泌H 2 O 2 O 2以诱导宿主细胞死亡并促进感染。过氧化氢在一定程度上可以通过膜自由扩散。为了能够监测真菌中的细胞内过氧化氢动力学,我们最近在丝状植物病原体禾谷镰刀菌(Mentges and Bormann,2015)中建立了多功能的HyPer成像技术。 HyPer由插入到原核H 2 O 2 O 2 - 感觉蛋白OxyR的调节结构域(RD)中的循环置换的黄色荧光蛋白(cpYFP)组成。 OxyR域使传感器高度特异于H 2 O 2 O 2。 HyPer的氧化增加了在488nm激发的cpYFP的荧光,并降低了在405nm激发的荧光,从而促进了比例式读数(Belousov等人,2006)。 HyPer原来是对pH敏感。 HyPer的H 2 O 2 O 2 - 感官域中的单个氨基酸突变使传感器对H 2 O 2不敏感。该记者称为SypHer,作为pH变化的对照。
   通过使用HyPer成像技术,我们可以证明:i)HyPer成像能够特异和准确地检测细胞内H 2 O 2 O 2平衡的快速变化,ii)。 ...

A Highly Efficient Method for Measuring Oxygen Consumption Rate in Fusarium graminearum
Author:
Date:
2016-08-05
[Abstract]  The filamentous ascomycete Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight, a devastating disease of cereals with a worldwide distribution. Fusarium graminearum infections result in a quantitative yield reduction by impairing the growth of the kernels, and a qualitative reduction by poisoning the remaining kernels with mycotoxins toxic to animals and humans. The colonization of wheat florets by phytopathogenic fungus requires high-efficiency energy generation in the mitochondria (Bönnighausen et al., 2015). Mitochondrial activity in ... [摘要]  丝状子囊菌禾谷镰刀菌是镰刀菌的致病剂,其是具有全世界分布的谷物的毁灭性疾病。禾谷镰孢菌感染通过损害谷粒的生长导致定量的产量降低,并且通过用对动物和人有毒的霉菌毒素中毒剩余的谷粒来定性降低。植物病原真菌对小麦的定居需要线粒体中的高效能量产生(Bönighausen等人,2015)。微生物中的线粒体活性可以使用氧消耗速率(OCR)方法测量。在这里我们描述使用XF24细胞外通量分析仪评估真菌呼吸的方法。 Seahorse XF分析仪是基于微孔板的呼吸仪,其通过固定荧光团的荧光变化来测量氧消耗(Gerencser等人,2009)。多种线粒体参数可以通过应用线粒体底物和抑制剂来测量,所述线粒体底物和抑制剂在测定期间通过端口自动注射(Divakaruni等人,2014)。实验工作流程涉及接种分生孢子和应用线粒体功能的特异性抑制剂。真菌呼吸的分析代表了补充经典表型筛选的有价值的工具。

Aspergillus terreus Infection of Fruits and Terrein Quantification by HPLC Analysis
Author:
Date:
2016-06-20
[Abstract]  The opportunistic fungal human and plant pathogen Aspergillus terreus (A. terreus) can be isolated from sea water, soil or decaying organic matter such as rotting leaves and fruits. While growing on fruits A. terreus produces secondary metabolites such as terrein, which may ease its penetration into plant tissues. In addition, biological activities of terrein may support competition against other microorganisms. In summary, terrein is a small polyketide that reduces germination of seedlings, induces lesions on fruit surfaces but also shows moderate antifungal ... [摘要]  机体真菌人和植物病原菌土曲霉(A. terreus)可以从海水,土壤或腐烂的有机物质如腐烂的叶子和果实中分离出来。 当在水果上生长时,A. terreus产生次生代谢物如土曲杆菌,这可以缓解其渗透到植物组织中。 此外,土耳特蛋白的生物活性可能支持与其他微生物的竞争。 总而言之,土豆蛋白是一种减少幼苗发芽的小聚酮,诱发水果表面的病变,但也显示出中等的抗真菌活性。 使用这份手稿,我们提供了一种水果感染方案与土曲霉,随后使用基于HPLC的量化方法测定感染果实的土豆油生产率。

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