Labeling Aversive Memory Trace in Mouse Using a Doxycycline-inducible Expression System
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Author:
Date:
2017-10-20
[Abstract] A memory trace, also known as a memory engram, is theorized to be a mechanism for physical memory storage in the brain (Silva et al., 2009; Josselyn, 2010) and memory trace is associated with a specific population of neurons (Liu et al., 2012; Ramirez et al., 2013). Labeling and stimulating those neurons will activate the memory trace (Liu et al., 2012; Ramirez et al., 2013). Memory appears to be spread over different regions of the brain rather than being localized to one area. Therefore, the methods used to trace memory have the ability to ...
[摘要] 存储器跟踪(也称为存储器枚举)被理论化为大脑中物理存储器存储的机制(Silva等人,2009; Josselyn,2010),并且内存跟踪与一个 特定的神经元群体(Liu et al。,2012; Ramirez等人,2013)。 标记和刺激那些神经元将激活记忆痕迹(Liu et al。,2012; Ramirez等人,2013)。 记忆似乎分布在大脑的不同区域,而不是局限于一个区域。 因此,用于跟踪记忆的方法有能力提高我们对神经元电路的理解。 在本协议中,我们引入多西环素诱导表达系统来标记与原始记忆痕迹相关的特定神经元。 【背景】记忆痕迹是记忆被存储为大脑物理或生物化学变化的理论手段(Ryan等人,2015)。在二十世纪初德国动物学家理查德·塞蒙(Richard Semon)制定记忆追踪概念之后,记忆存储的具体过程一直是神经科学领域辩论的一个未解决的话题(Poo et al。,2016)。尽管记忆机制已经成为几十年来的争论焦点,但已经一致认为,特定的神经元被用于记忆的存储(Liu等人,2012; Ramirez等人, ...
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Optogenetic Mapping of Synaptic Connections in Mouse Brain Slices to Define the Functional Connectome of Identified Neuronal Populations
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Author:
Date:
2017-01-05
[Abstract] Functional connectivity in a neural circuit is determined by the strength, incidence, and neurotransmitter nature of its connections (Chuhma, 2015). Using optogenetics the functional synaptic connections between an identified population of neurons and defined postsynaptic target neurons may be measured systematically in order to determine the functional connectome of that identified population. Here we describe the experimental protocol used to investigate the excitatory functional connectome of ventral midbrain dopamine neurons, mediated by glutamate cotransmission (Mingote et al., ...
[摘要] 神经回路中的功能连通性由其连接的强度,发病率和神经递质特性决定(Chuhma,2015)。使用光遗传学,可以系统地测量识别的神经元群体和定义的突触后靶神经元之间的功能性突触连接,以便确定该识别群体的功能性连接群。这里我们描述了用于研究由谷氨酸共转播介导的腹侧中脑多巴胺神经元的兴奋性功能性连接体的实验方案(Mingote等,2015)。通过将编码通道视紫红质(ChR2)的腺相关病毒(AAV)注射到DATIREScre小鼠的腹侧中脑中,使多巴胺神经元变得光敏。多巴胺合成酶酪氨酸羟化酶的免疫荧光证实ChR2表达在多巴胺神经元中的功效和特异性。然后,切片膜片钳记录由接受多巴胺神经元投影的区域中的神经元产生,并且确定兴奋性连接的发生率和强度。所有接受多巴胺神经元投射的区域的连接发生率和强度的总结构成功能性连接体。 【背景】为了建立特定神经回路的功能,有必要确定解剖连接,解剖连接的映射及其功能连接,连接的强度,发病率和神经递质性质的映射。使用单因素限制的病毒性突触后追踪技术,可以描述包括多巴胺系统在内的神经回路的复杂解剖连接(Callaway and Luo,2015; ...
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