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Fetal Bovine Serum, qualified , heat inactivated, Canada origin

公司名称: Thermo Fisher Scientific
产品编号: 12484028
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Analysis of Exosome Transfer in Mammalian Cells by Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching
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Date:
2018-01-20
[Abstract]  During the course of evolution, prokaryote and eukaryote cells have developed elegant and to some extent analogous strategies to communicate with each other and to adapt to their surrounding environment. Eukaryotic cells communicate with each other through direct interaction via juxtracrine signaling and/or by secreting soluble factors. These secreted factors can subsequently act on the cell itself (autocrine signaling) or interact with neighboring (paracrine signaling) and distant (endocrine signaling) cells. The transmission of signals between cells and tissues has been traditionally ... [摘要]  在进化过程中,原核生物和真核生物细胞已经形成了优雅,在一定程度上类似的相互交流和适应周围环境的策略。真核生物细胞通过直接相互作用经Juxtracrine信号传导和/或通过分泌可溶性因子相互沟通。这些分泌的因子随后可以作用于细胞本身(自分泌信号传导)或与邻近的(旁分泌信号传导)和远处的(内分泌信号传导)细胞相互作用。传统上认为细胞和组织之间的信号传递受到基于蛋白质的信号传导系统的调节。通常,通过胞吐作用分泌到细胞外环境中的蛋白质含有典型的分泌靶向序列(Théry等,2002)。然而,具有非连续和刺激依赖性分泌的蛋白质,不含有经典分泌靶向序列的蛋白质,以及在细胞外环境(DNA,mRNA,肽,代谢物,miRNA和其他RNA)中可能过于不稳定的物质物种)可以以特定的方式分泌在小膜胞外囊泡(EV)中(Hagiwara等人,2014)。外来体代表直径为30-130nm的这些分泌的膜囊泡中的一大类(Cocucci等人,2009;Théry等人,2009; Kowal等人, >,et al。,2014),其形成在称为多泡体的内体隔室中的分泌细胞内。加载到外泌体中的分子以及细胞之间外来体转移的强度是随后调节受体细胞的重要参数。目前关于外泌体分泌及其在受体细胞中内化的知识仍不完整。已知外泌体的分泌强度根据细胞类型和其生理状态而变化(Garcia等人,2016)。此外,促进与细胞 - ...

Heterochronic Pellet Assay to Test Cell-cell Communication in the Mouse Retina
Author:
Date:
2017-02-05
[Abstract]  All seven retinal cell types that make up the mature retina are generated from a common, multipotent pool of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) (Wallace, 2011). One way that RPCs know when sufficient numbers of particular cell-types have been generated is through negative feedback signals, which are emitted by differentiated cells and must reach threshold levels to block additional differentiation of that cell type. A key assay to assess whether negative feedback signals are emitted by differentiated cells is a heterochronic pellet assay in which early stage RPCs are dissociated and labeled with ... [摘要]  构成成熟视网膜的所有七种视网膜细胞类型都是由普通的多能视网膜祖细胞池(RPC)产生的(Wallace,2011)。已经产生足够数量的特定细胞类型的RPC知道的一种方式是通过负反馈信号,其由分化细胞发射并且必须达到阈值水平以阻止该细胞类型的额外分化。评估负反馈信号是否由分化细胞发出的关键测定是异源沉淀测定,其中早期RPC被解离并用BrdU标记,然后与20倍过量的解离的分化细胞混合。然后将组合的细胞再次聚集并在细胞膜上培养7-10天。在这段时间内,RPC将会分化,BrdU + RPC的命运可以使用细胞类型特异性标记进行评估。开发这种沉淀测定的研究人员最初表明,当两种细胞类型混合在一起时,新生儿RPC与胚胎RPC相比,在加速进度条件下产生杆(Watanabe和Raff,1990; Watanabe等,1997)。我们已经使用这种测定来证明我们发现作为视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)分化的负调节物的声刺猬(Shh)促进RPC增殖(Jensen和Wallace,1997; Ringuette等,2014)。最近我们修改了异质性沉淀测定法,以评估视网膜无长突细胞的反馈信号的作用,将转化生长因子β2(Tgfβ2)鉴定为负反馈信号,并将Pten作为Tgfβ2应答的调节剂(Ma et al。,2007 ; ...

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