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Vertical mini-gel electrophoresis system

Mini-PROTEAN ®四向垂直电泳槽用于小型预制凝胶

公司名称: Bio-Rad Laboratories
产品编号: 1658005
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In vitro Analysis of Ubiquitin-like Protein Modification in Archaea
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Date:
2018-05-20
[Abstract]  The ubiquitin-like (Ubl) protein is widely distributed in Archaea and involved in many cellular pathways. A well-established method to reconstitute archaeal Ubl protein conjugation in vitro is important to better understand the process of archaeal Ubl protein modification. This protocol describes the in vitro reconstitution of Ubl protein modification and following analysis of this modification in Haloferax volcanii, a halophilic archaeon serving as the model organism. [摘要]  泛素样(Ubl)蛋白广泛分布于古细菌中并参与许多细胞途径。 为了更好地理解古细菌Ub1蛋白质修饰的过程,重建体外古细菌Ubl蛋白质缀合物的完善方法是很重要的。 该协议描述了Ubl蛋白质修饰的体外重建以及在作为模型生物的嗜盐古细菌Haloferax volcanii 中对这种修饰进行分析。

【背景】泛素(Ub)与靶蛋白共价连接的过程被称为泛素化,其控制真核细胞中大量的细胞过程(Glickman和Ciechanover,2002; Komander和Rape,2012)。遍在蛋白化由一系列酶(包括Ub激活酶(E1),Ub结合酶(E2s)和Ub连接酶(E3s))催化。泛素化的体外重建是确定酶之间或E3与蛋白质底物之间特异性的有用测定法(Zhao等人,2012)。在古细菌中,Ubl蛋白SAMP采用Ub折叠,并且与E1样酶UbaA催化的蛋白靶标异肽连接[Maupin-Furlow,(2014)综述]。尽管E1同系物在古细菌中广泛存在,但基于一级序列比较,在大多数古细菌中未预测经典E2或E3酶。我们最近对Haloferax volcanii的研究表明甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶A(MsrA)是Ubl蛋白质修饰(sampylation)与UbaA一起在体内温和的氧化条件下和< (体外)(fu="">

Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Mediated Production of Labeled Probes for Single-molecule FISH or RNA Capture
Author:
Date:
2018-03-05
[Abstract]  Arrays of short, singly-labeled ssDNA oligonucleotides enable in situ hybridization with single molecule sensitivity and efficient transcript specific RNA capture. Here, we describe a simple, enzymatic protocol that can be carried out using basic laboratory equipment to convert arrays of PCR oligos into smFISH and RAP probesets in a quantitative, cost-efficient and flexible way. [摘要]  短的,单标记的ssDNA寡核苷酸阵列使得能够与单分子灵敏度和有效的转录物特异性RNA捕获进行原位杂交。 在这里,我们描述了一个简单的酶促协议,可以使用基本的实验室设备将PCR寡核苷酸阵列以定量,成本高效和灵活的方式转换为smFISH和RAP探针组。

【背景】合成来源的多个单标记的短寡核苷酸的使用极大地改进了对特异性转录物的高特异性和单分子灵敏度的检测(Femino等人,1998; Raj等人。,2008)。这种探针分子与经典使用的长核酸探针相比具有改进的穿透性并且需要更温和的杂交条件,从而更好地保存标本的结构(例如,Little等人 >,2015,Gaspar 等,2017a)。由于在该设计中多个寡核苷酸 - 通常24-96-靶向相同转录物的不同部分,因此在非特异性背景上在特异性靶分子上发生信号累积,这与由长的多标记探针产生的相等信号相反(Raj ,2008)。此外,由于单个短探针的标记是定量的 - 与长探针的随机标记相反 - ...

Lipid Extraction from HeLa Cells, Quantification of Lipids, Formation of Large Unilamellar Vesicles (LUVs) by Extrusion and in vitro Protein-lipid Binding Assays, Analysis of the Incubation Product by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and by Flotation across a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient
Author:
Date:
2016-10-20
[Abstract]  Dissecting the interactions established between proteins and membranes in a given type of cells is not an easy task. Using a cell-free system of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) to analyze these interactions may help decipher these interactions and identify potential membrane deformations induced by the proteins incubated with these LUVs. This article describes the protocols for 1) extraction of total lipids from eukaryotic cells using the method developed by Bligh and Dyer (1959), 2) the quantification of glycerophospholipids by gas chromatography after methanolysis, followed by 3) the ... [摘要]  解剖在给定类型的细胞中蛋白质和膜之间建立的相互作用不是一个容易的任务。使用大单层囊泡(LUV)的无细胞系统来分析这些相互作用可以帮助破译这些相互作用和识别由与这些LUV孵育的蛋白质诱导的潜在的膜变形。本文介绍了1)使用由Bligh和Dyer(1959)开发的方法从真核细胞中提取总脂质,2)在甲醇分解后通过气相色谱法定量甘油磷脂,然后3)通过挤出形成LUV的方案, 4)蛋白质 - 脂质结合测定,5)通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)和通过不连续蔗糖梯度浮选分析孵育产物,最后,6)通过免疫印迹分析蛋白质并通过碘素熏蒸显示甘油磷脂。

[背景] 包含巨单层囊泡(GUV;由单个磷脂双层组成,直径大于1μm)或脂质体孵育的无细胞系统与重组蛋白可能有助于了解这些相互作用。根据它们的直径和层数,脂质体被分为小的单层囊泡(SUV;由单个磷脂双层构成的囊泡,直径在20和100nm之间),大的单层囊泡(LUV;由单个双层磷脂,并且直径在100和400nm之间),大多层囊泡(MLV;由多个磷脂双层构成且直径在200nm和3μm之间的囊泡)和多泡囊泡(MVV);由囊泡组成的大囊泡单个双层磷脂,并含有几个较小的囊泡,每个囊泡由单个双层磷脂组成)。 ...

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