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公司名称: Sigma-Aldrich
产品编号: 433209
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Protocols to Study Declarative Memory Formation in Mice and Humans: Optogenetics and Translational Behavioral Approaches
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Date:
2018-06-20
[Abstract]  Declarative memory formation depends on the hippocampus and declines in aging. Two functions of the hippocampus, temporal binding and relational organization (Rawlins and Tsaltas, 1983; Eichenbaum et al., 1992; Cohen et al., 1997), are known to decline in aging (Leal and Yassa, 2015). However, in the literature distinct procedures have been used to study these two functions. Here, we describe the experimental procedures used to investigate how these two processes are related in the formation of declarative memory and how they are compromised in aging (Sellami et al., ... [摘要]  陈述性记忆的形成取决于海马体和老化程度的下降。已知海马,时间结合和关系组织的两种功能(Rawlins和Tsaltas,1983; Eichenbaum等人,1992; Cohen等人,1997),已知老龄化下降(Leal和Yassa,2015)。但是,在文献中已经使用不同的程序来研究这两个功能。在这里,我们描述了用于研究这两个过程如何与陈述性记忆的形成以及它们如何在衰老中受到损害有关的实验程序(Sellami et。,2017)。首先,我们使用单一试验性学习程序研究了时间绑定:追踪恐惧条件反射。这是经典的巴甫洛夫条件需要时间约束,因为短暂的时间间隔将条件刺激(CS)和无条件刺激(US)呈现分开。我们将追踪恐惧条件程序与光遗传学方法相结合,并且我们表明时间依赖性依赖于背侧(d)CA1活性在时间间隙上的依赖性。然后,我们研究了时间绑定和关系组织之间在声明性记忆形成中的相互作用,这种相互作用使用了小鼠中的两阶段径向迷宫任务及其在人类中的虚拟类比。行为过程包括一个初始学习阶段,在这个阶段中,受试者获得每个手臂持续的奖励/无奖赏价值,然后是测试阶段,其中武器中的奖励突发事件保持不变,但武器重新组合以评估灵活性,陈述性记忆。我们证明了dCA1依赖的时间结合对于记忆的关系组织的发展是必需的,这允许灵活的陈述记忆表达。此外,在衰老过程中,陈述性记忆的退化是由于时间约束能力的减少而阻碍了关系组织。 ...

Sacral Spinal Cord Transection and Isolated Sacral Cord Preparation to Study Chronic Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Mice
Author:
Date:
2018-04-05
[Abstract]  Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by multiple sensory/motor impairments that arise from different underlying neural mechanisms. Linking specific sensory/motor impairments to neural mechanism is limited by a lack of direct experimental access to these neural circuits. Here, we describe an experimental model which addresses this shortcoming. We generated a mouse model of chronic spinal cord injury that reliably reproduces spasticity observed after SCI, while at the same time allows study of motor impairments in vivo and in an in vitro preparation of the spinal cord. ... [摘要]  脊髓损伤(SCI)的特点是由不同的潜在神经机制引起的多种感觉/运动损伤。 将特定的感觉/运动障碍与神经机制联系起来受限于缺乏对这些神经回路的直接实验访问。 在这里,我们描述了一个解决这个缺点的实验模型。 我们产生了一种慢性脊髓损伤的小鼠模型,其可靠地再现SCI后观察到的痉挛状态,同时允许研究运动损伤体内和体外制剂 的脊髓。 该模型允许将体外和体内条件下的小鼠遗传与高级成像,行为分析和详细的电生理学技术相结合,这些技术在常规SCI中不易应用 楷模。


【背景】脊髓损伤导致了毁灭性的感官 - ...

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