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公司名称: Sigma-Aldrich
产品编号: R8875
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Assessment of Cellular Redox State Using NAD(P)H Fluorescence Intensity and Lifetime
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Date:
2017-01-20
[Abstract]  NADH and NADPH are redox cofactors, primarily involved in catabolic and anabolic metabolic processes respectively. In addition, NADPH plays an important role in cellular antioxidant defence. In live cells and tissues, the intensity of their spectrally-identical autofluorescence, termed NAD(P)H, can be used to probe the mitochondrial redox state, while their distinct enzyme-binding characteristics can be used to separate their relative contributions to the total NAD(P)H intensity using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). These protocols allow differences in metabolism to be ... [摘要]  NADH和NADPH分别是分解代谢和合成代谢过程的氧化还原辅因子。此外,NADPH在细胞抗氧化防御中起着重要作用。在活细胞和组织中,其光谱相同的自发荧光(称为NAD(P)H)的强度可用于探测线粒体氧化还原状态,而其不同的酶结合特征可用于将其相对贡献与总共分离使用荧光寿命成像显微镜(FLIM)的NAD(P)H强度。这些方案允许在细胞类型和改变的生理和病理状态之间检测代谢的差异。

背景 氧化还原辅因子烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)及其磷酸化对应物NADPH的还原形式本质上是荧光的,两者都吸收波长为340(±30)nm并在460(±50)nm处发射的光(Patterson等人。,2000)。这些光谱特征在氧化成NAD(上标+)或NADP(superson),(2007))时损失。单独的NAD和NADP池的氧化还原平衡决定了对比的代谢过程(Ying,2008),如图1所示。NAD作为电子受体,用于通过三羧酸氧化线粒体中的糖,脂质和氨基酸底物(TCA)循环,并作为内线粒体膜(IMM)上的电子传递链(ETC)的电子供体,促使将质子泵送到膜间隙中,作为合成三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的电源,通过F 1 F 0 O 3 ATP合成酶(Osellame等人,2012)。因此,线粒体中NADH与NAD + 的平衡反映了TCA循环与ETC活性的平衡。 ...

Determination of the H+-ATP Synthase and Hydrolytic Activities
Author:
Date:
2016-08-20
[Abstract]  The H+-ATP synthase of the inner mitochondrial membrane utilizes the proton gradient generated by the respiratory chain to synthesize ATP. Under depolarizing conditions, it can function in reverse by hydrolyzing ATP to generate a proton gradient. The protocols presented here allow the facile determination of both the synthetic and hydrolytic activities of the H+-ATP synthase in isolated mitochondria and in permeabilized mammalian cells. Since the protocol requires the isolation of polarized and well-coupled mitochondria, first we describe the protocol for mitochondrial ... [摘要]  内线粒体膜的H sup + -ATP合酶利用呼吸链产生的质子梯度来合成ATP。 在去极化条件下,它可以通过水解ATP产生质子梯度而反向作用。 本文提供的方案允许容易地测定分离的线粒体和透化的哺乳动物细胞中H sup + -ATP合酶的合成和水解活性。 由于该协议需要极化和良好耦合的线粒体的分离,首先我们描述线粒体从小鼠组织分离的协议。 第二,我们描述了用于测量ATP合成活性作为终点和在分离的线粒体和透化细胞中的动力学模式的方案。 最后,我们描述了用于测定酶在分离的线粒体中的ATP水解活性的方案。

Assessment of Brown Adipocyte Thermogenic Function by High-throughput Respirometry
Author:
Date:
2015-11-05
[Abstract]  Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has the unique ability to dramatically increase mitochondrial uncoupled fuel oxidation for thermogenesis in response to adrenergic stimulation. A key parameter in assessing brown adipocyte thermogenic capacity is mitochondrial uncoupling as determined by respiration. Measuring mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) therefore provides valuable information to study the regulation and dysregulation of fuel metabolism and energy expenditure. Adding measurements of mitochondrial membrane potential allows for more in-depth interpretation of the respirometry data. ... [摘要]  棕色脂肪组织(BAT)具有显着增加线粒体解偶联燃料氧化以响应肾上腺素刺激的热生成的独特能力。评估棕色脂肪细胞产热能力的关键参数是通过呼吸确定的线粒体解偶联。因此,测量线粒体氧消耗率(OCR)为研究燃料代谢和能量消耗的调节和失调提供了有价值的信息。添加线粒体膜电位的测量允许更加深入地解释呼吸数据。在这里我们提供使用Seahorse XF分析仪测量贴壁完整和质膜透性棕色脂肪细胞呼吸的协议。在方案部分I中,去甲肾上腺素和游离脂肪酸的组合用于诱导解偶联呼吸。然后使用ATP合酶抑制剂寡霉素,化学去偶联剂FCCP和复合物III抑制剂抗霉素A分别测量偶联的,最大的和非线粒体的氧消耗。在方案第II部分中,质膜用重组perfringolysin O透化,胆固醇依赖性细胞溶解素寡聚化成在质膜中专门的孔。这允许代谢物可用性的实验性控制,而不从天然细胞环境中分离线粒体。

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