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Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Fragment

葡萄球菌肠毒素B片段

公司名称: Sigma-Aldrich
产品编号: S0812
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Fluorescent Detection of Intracellular Nitric Oxide in Staphylococcus aureus
Author:
Date:
2016-07-20
[Abstract]  Nitric Oxide (NO) is a highly-reactive radical gas that can modify a variety of cellular targets in both eukaryotes and bacteria. NO is produced endogenously by a wide variety of organisms: For example, as a cell-signaling molecule in mammals and bacteria via nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes, and as a product of denitrification. As such, it is of great benefit to NO researchers to be able to sensitively detect intracellular NO and stable reactive nitrogen species (RNS) derived from NO. To this end, a protocol for fluorescent detection of intracellular NO/RNS in biofilm cultures of the ... [摘要]  一氧化氮(NO)是一种高反应性的自由基气体,其可以修饰真核生物和细菌中的多种细胞靶标。 NO由多种生物体内源性产生:例如,作为哺乳动物和细菌中的细胞信号分子,通过一氧化氮合酶(NOS)酶,以及作为脱氮的产物。因此,NO研究人员能够敏感地检测来自NO的细胞内NO和稳定的活性氮物质(RNS)是非常有益的。为此,已经使用商业上可获得的细胞可渗透的荧光染料4-氨基-5来优化用于荧光检测革兰氏阳性病原体金黄色葡萄球菌的生物膜培养物中的细胞内NO/RNS的方案 - 甲基氨基-2',7'-二氟荧光素二乙酸酯(DAF-FM二乙酸酯)。该化合物扩散到细胞中并且通过酯酶的细胞内裂解释放弱荧光DAF-FM,其与NO或其它特异性RNS反应以变成高度荧光的(Kojima等人,1999)。虽然使用荧光板读数器进行荧光的定量,但设想该方案可适用于S的细胞内NO/RNS成像。 aureus biofilms by confocal microscopy。同样,这种技术可以被优化用于检测其它生长条件(即浮游生物培养物)和/或其它细菌/古细菌中的细胞内NO/RNS。

Intracellular Cytokine Staining on PBMCs Using CyTOFTM Mass Cytometry
Author:
Date:
2015-01-05
[Abstract]  In this protocol, we use a CyTOFTM mass cytometry to collect single-cell data on a large number of cytokines/chemokines as well as cell-surface proteins that characterize T cells and other immune cells. The current selected mass window in AW 103-203 includes the lanthanides used for most antibody labeling, along with iridium and rhodium for DNA intercalators. The output data are in the format as .txt and .fcs files, which is compatible with many analysis programs. This protocol could be adapted to include tetramers into the staining panel, but we have not optimized for that purpose. ... [摘要]  在这个协议中,我们使用CyTOF TM 质谱仪收集大量细胞因子/趋化因子以及表征T细胞和其他免疫细胞的细胞表面蛋白的单细胞数据。 AW 103-203中当前选择的质量窗口包括用于大多数抗体标记的镧系元素,以及用于DNA嵌入剂的铱和铑。输出数据的格式为.txt和.fcs文件,与许多分析程序兼容。该方案可以适于将四聚体包括在染色板中,但是我们没有为此目的进行优化。细胞内细胞因子染色的主要步骤如下:首先,细胞被活化几小时,使用特异性肽或非特异性活化混合物。加入蛋白质转运抑制剂(例如布雷菲德菌素A)以将细胞因子保留在细胞内。接下来,加入EDTA以从活化容器中除去粘附细胞。洗涤后,将细胞表面标记物的抗体加入细胞中。然后将细胞固定在多聚甲醛中并透化。我们使用温和的洗涤剂皂苷作为渗透缓冲液,因为与苛刻的洗涤剂或甲醇相比,它对表面和细胞内表位的破坏性更小。透化后,将金属缀合的抗细胞因子抗体加入细胞悬浮液中。然后将染色的细胞依次导入质谱仪进行信号强度分析

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