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DNA Polymerase I, Large (Klenow) Fragment

DNA聚合酶I,大(Klenow)Fragmen

公司名称: New England Biolabs
产品编号: M0210S
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Coupling Exonuclease Digestion with Selective Chemical Labeling for Base-resolution Mapping of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Genomic DNA
Author:
Date:
2018-03-05
[Abstract]  This protocol is designed to obtain base-resolution information on the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in CpGs without the need for bisulfite modification. It relies on (i) the capture of hydroxymethylated sequences by a procedure known as ‘selective chemical labeling’ (see Szulwach et al., 2012) and (ii) the digestion of the captured DNA by exonucleases. After Illumina sequencing of the digested DNA fragments, an ad hoc bioinformatic pipeline extracts the information for further downstream analysis. [摘要]  该协议旨在获得CpGs中5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5hmC)水平的碱基分辨率信息,而无需亚硫酸氢盐修饰。 它依赖于(i)通过称为“选择性化学标记”(参见Szulwach等人,2012)的方法捕获羟甲基化序列和(ii)通过外切核酸酶消化捕获的DNA。 在消化的DNA片段的Illumina测序之后,特设的生物信息学管道提取信息用于进一步的下游分析。

【背景】基因组DNA中胞嘧啶的甲基化可以被蛋白质读取,并且主要被翻译成基因沉默。基因组中的大多数CpG二核苷酸是甲基化的,包括位于基因调控区如增强子的那些。然而,当需要时,这些CpG可以通过Ten Eleven Translocation(TET)酶将甲基氧化并且通过碱基切除修复系统用未甲基化的胞嘧啶置换来去甲基化。 5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5hmC)是5-甲基胞嘧啶的第一个氧化衍生物,并且在基因组中绘制该修饰的碱基提供了关于正在进行活性去甲基化的区域的信息。尽管选择性化学标记(SCL)可以非常特异地检测5hmC,但该技术的分辨率受DNA片段大小的限制,特别是当捕获的DNA中存在多个CpG时。为了提高分辨率,我们引入了使用外切核酸酶的消化步骤,所述核酸外切酶将DNA分子修剪成靠近羟甲基化的胞嘧啶(Sérandour et。,2016)。然后对测序读数进行适当的生物信息学处理,然后将羟甲基化评分赋予捕获的CpG。

Helicase Assays
Author:
Date:
2014-03-20
[Abstract]  Helicases are a class of enzymes which are motor proteins using energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to move directionally along a nucliec acid phosphodiester backbone (such as DNA, RNA and DNA-RNA hybrids) and separate two annealed nucleic acid strands. Many cellular processes, such as transcription, DNA replication, recombination and DNA repair involve helicase activity. Here, we provide a protocol to analyze helicase activities in vitro. In this protocol, the DNA helicase protein Merkel cell polyomavirus large T-antigen was expressed in the mammalian cell line HEK293 and immoblized ... [摘要]  解旋酶是一类酶,其是使用来自ATP水解的能量沿着核酸磷酸二酯主链(例如DNA,RNA和DNA-RNA杂交体)定向移动并分离两条退火的核酸链的运动蛋白。 许多细胞过程,例如转录,DNA复制,重组和DNA修复涉及解旋酶活性。 在这里,我们提供了一个协议,以分析解旋酶活性在体外。 在该协议中,DNA解旋酶蛋白Merkel细胞多瘤病毒大T抗原在哺乳动物细胞系HEK293中表达并固定在IgG树脂上。 进行解旋酶测定,同时蛋白质固定在IgG树脂上。

KMnO4 Footprinting
Author:
Date:
2012-11-05
[Abstract]  The KMnO4 footprinting method offers a rapid and easy way to detect and localize single-stranded regions within a duplex DNA molecule, such as it occurs for instance within an actively transcribing RNA polymerase-DNA complex or during R-loop formation in DNA-RNA hybrid structures. The method is based on the selective oxidation of single-stranded thymines in DNA. The modified nucleotides react with strong bases by ring opening and subsequent phosphodiester cleavage. Because the modified nucleotides will not be recognized by DNA polymerase sites of modification can also be analyzed ... [摘要]  KMnO 4足迹法提供了检测和定位双链DNA分子内的单链区域的快速和简单的方法,例如其在活性转录的RNA聚合酶-DNA复合物内或在R期间发生在DNA-RNA杂交结构中形成。该方法基于DNA中单链胸腺嘧啶的选择性氧化。修饰的核苷酸通过开环和随后的磷酸二酯切割与强碱反应。因为修饰的核苷酸不能被DNA聚合酶识别,还可以通过用Klenow DNA聚合酶引物延伸来分析修饰的位点,其在修饰前停止延伸一个残基。因此,修饰的碱基位置的定位可以在变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上在哌啶催化磷酸二酯切割3'-或5'-端32 P-端标记的DNA之后进行,或者通过用非 - 使用32 P标记的寡核苷酸引物。由于KMnO 4可以穿透膜的事实,足迹法也可以用于活细胞内的足迹分析。

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