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LB Agar, powder (Lennox L agar)

LB琼脂,粉末(Lennox L琼脂)

公司名称: Thermo Fisher Scientific
产品编号: 22700025
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Studying the Mechanisms of Developmental Vocal Learning and Adult Vocal Performance in Zebra Finches through Lentiviral Injection
Author:
Date:
2018-09-05
[Abstract]  Here we provide a detailed step-by-step protocol for using lentivirus to manipulate miRNA expression in Area X of juvenile zebra finches and for analyzing the consequences on song learning and song performance. This protocol has four parts: 1) making the lentiviral construct to overexpress miRNA miR-9; 2) packaging the lentiviral vector; 3) stereotaxic injection of the lentivirus into Area X of juvenile zebra finches; 4) analysis of song learning and song performance in juvenile and adult zebra finches. These methods complement the methods employed in recent works that showed changing FoxP2 ... [摘要]  在这里,我们提供了一个详细的逐步协议,用于使用慢病毒操纵幼年斑胸草雀X区的miRNA表达,并分析对歌曲学习和歌曲表现的影响。 该方案有四个部分:1)使慢病毒构建体过表达miRNA miR-9; 2)包装慢病毒载体; 3)将慢病毒立体定位注入少年斑胸草雀X区; 4)青少年和成年斑马雀的歌曲学习和歌曲表演分析。 这些方法补充了近期工作中使用的方法,这些方法显示,在区域X中用慢病毒或腺相关病毒改变 FoxP2 基因表达导致歌曲行为的损害。

【背景】具有良好特征的歌曲行为和基础神经回路的斑胸草雀提供了独特的动物模型来研究声音通信和相关感觉 - 运动学习的神经机制。近年来,一些实验室开始使用病毒载体来操纵斑胸草雀脑中的基因表达并研究其功能后果。这些努力通过对 FoxP2 基因的研究得到了最好的说明,该基因编码叉头盒p2转录因子。 FoxP2蛋白控制着数百个在神经系统发育中起重要作用的下游基因的表达。人类 FoxP2 基因的突变导致言语和语言障碍(Lai et al。,2001)。在鸣禽中,斑马雀X区域的 FoxP2 基因的敲除或过表达,对于声乐学习至关重要的基底神经节核,严重损害了歌曲的行为(Haesler et al。, 2007; Murugan et al。,2013; Heston and ...

Generating Loss-of-function iPSC Lines with Combined CRISPR Indel Formation and Reprogramming from Human Fibroblasts
Author:
Date:
2018-04-05
[Abstract]  For both disease and basic science research, loss-of-function (LOF) mutations are vitally important. Herein, we provide a simple stream-lined protocol for generating LOF iPSC lines that circumvents the technical challenges of traditional gene-editing and cloning of established iPSC lines by combining the introduction of the CRISPR vector concurrently with episomal reprogramming plasmids into fibroblasts. Our experiments have produced nearly even numbers of all 3 genotypes in autosomal genes. In addition, we provide a detailed approach for maintaining and genotyping 96-well plates of iPSC ... [摘要]  对于疾病和基础科学研究而言,功能丧失(LOF)突变是非常重要的。 在这里,我们提供了一个简单的流线化协议来产生LOF iPSC系列,通过将CRISPR载体与附加型重编程质粒同时引入成纤维细胞,规避了传统基因编辑和已建立的iPSC系的克隆的技术挑战。 我们的实验已经产生了常染色体基因中所有3种基因型的几乎偶数。 此外,我们提供了一个详细的方法来维护和iPSC克隆的96孔板的基因分型。

【背景】CRISPR / Cas9技术允许简单且特异地针对特定基因组位置进行基因编辑。将该技术与诱导性多能干细胞(iPSC)的疾病建模和再生医学潜力相结合将继续对生物医学研究产生前所未有的影响。然而,使CRISPR / Cas9系统适应iPSC已经提出了几个挑战。在细胞系中进行基因编辑的传统方法是用表达Cas9蛋白质的质粒和指导RNA(gRNA)转染细胞,然后产生单克隆并筛选所需的遗传改变。不幸的是,iPSC不适用于单细胞克隆。已经开发了几种补充媒介和克隆方法来克服这一困难,但仍然充满昂贵的设备(低氧培养箱),困难的技术步骤(FACS分选的单个iPSC的存活)或劳动密集型方案(亚克隆)(Forsyth ,2006; Miyaoka ...

Induction of Connexin-hemichannel Opening
Author:
Date:
2014-09-05
[Abstract]  Connexins (Cxs) are integral membrane proteins of vertebrates that associate to form hexameric transmembrane channels, named hemichannels. Twenty-one Cx types have been described, which are named according to their molecular weight. Cxs are expressed in many cell types, e.g. epithelial cells, astrocytes and immune cells. Hemichannels allow the passage of molecules of up to 1-2 kDa along the concentration gradient. When surface-exposed, hemichannels mediate the exchange of molecules between the cytosol and the extracellular space. Hemichannels are closed by default, but several cues ... [摘要]  连接蛋白(Cxs)是脊椎动物的内在膜蛋白,其结合形成六聚体跨膜通道,称为半通道。已经描述了21种Cx类型,其根据它们的分子量命名。 Cxs在许多细胞类型中表达,例如上皮细胞,星形胶质细胞和免疫细胞。半通道允许高达1-2kDa的分子沿浓度梯度通过。当表面暴露时,半通道介导细胞溶质和细胞外空间之间的分子交换。半通道被默认关闭,但是已经描述了诱导其开放的几个线索,例如,细胞外Ca 2+浓度的下降(​​Evans等人, 2006);或用肠道病原体感染(Puhar et al。,2013; Tran Van Nhieu等人,2003)。该方案与上皮细胞,特别是与极化和非极化肠上皮TC7细胞和用Cx26或Cx43稳定转染的Hela细胞(Paemeleire等人,2000)一起使用。然而,它可能可用于其他Cx表达细胞类型。是否半通道是开放的可以通过电生理学或通过测量半通道可渗透分子(例如,ATP)在细胞外介质中的释放或半通道可渗透的质膜不渗透分子的摄取来确定[例如,荧光染料溴化乙锭 - 参见相关协议"通过Connexin Hemichannels进行染料吸收实验"(Puhar和Sansonetti,2014 )]。

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