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Glycerol

甘油

公司名称: Sigma-Aldrich
产品编号: G7757
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Stopped-flow Light Scattering Analysis of Red Blood Cell Glycerol Permeability
Author:
Date:
2020-08-20
[Abstract]  Stopped-Flow Light Scattering (SFLS) is a method devised to analyze the kinetics of fast chemical reactions that result in a significant change of the average molecular weight and/or in the shape of the reaction substrates. Several modifications of the original stopped-flow system have been made leading to a significant extension of its technical applications. One of these modifications allows the biophysical characterization of the water and solute permeability of biological and artificial membranes.

Here, we describe a protocol of SFLS to measure the glycerol permeability of ...
[摘要]  [摘要] 停流光散射(SFLS)是一种用于分析快速化学反应动力学的方法,该化学反应导致平均分子量和/或反应底物形状发生显着变化。已对原始停流系统进行了几处修改,从而大大扩展了其技术应用范围。这些修饰之一允许水的生物物理表征以及生物膜和人造膜的溶质渗透性。

在这里,我们描述了一种SFLS协议,用于测量分离的人红细胞(RBC)的甘油渗透性,并评估AQP3,AQP7和AQP9的同种型特异性抑制剂的药代动力学特性(选择性和效价),这三种哺乳动物的水甘油糖蛋白允许转运甘油跨膜。在20°C的SFLS设备中,将RBC的悬浮液(1%的血细胞比容)暴露于100 mM甘油的向内定向,并在530 nm的单色波长下记录120 s的散射光强度变化。该设备的死区时间为1.6毫秒,混合效率在不到1毫秒的时间内达到99%。数据拟合到单指数函数和有关的时间constan 吨( ,对应于伴随甘油的进入红细胞的水渗透运动的光散射的细胞膨胀相的秒)进行测定。RBC 的甘油渗透系数(P gly ,cm / s)通过以下公式计算:



P gly = 1 / [[((S / V) ]



其中 (s)是拟合的指数时间常数,S / V是分析的RBC 样本的表面积与体积之比(cm -1 ...

Cell-free Reconstitution of the Packaging of Cargo Proteins into Vesicles at the trans Golgi Network
Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract]  Protein sorting at the trans Golgi network (TGN) plays important roles in targeting newly synthesized proteins to their specific destinations. The aim of this proposal is to reconstitute the packaging of non-Golgi resident cargo proteins into vesicles at the TGN, utilizing rat liver cytosol, semi-intact mammalian cells and nucleotides. The protocol describes how to perform the vesicle formation assay, how to isolate vesicles and how to detect cargo proteins in vesicles. This reconstitution assay can be used to quantitatively measure the efficiency of the packaging of a specific cargo ... [摘要]  [摘要] 反式高尔基体网络(TGN)上的蛋白质分选在将新合成的蛋白质靶向其特定目的地方面起着重要作用。该提议的目的是利用大鼠肝细胞溶质,半完整的哺乳动物细胞和核苷酸,在TGN处将非高尔基驻留的货物蛋白重新包装成囊泡。该协议描述了如何进行囊泡形成测定,如何分离囊泡以及如何检测囊泡中的货物蛋白。该重构测定法可用于定量测量在特定实验条件下将特定货物蛋白包装到TGN的运输小泡中的效率。

[背景] 的反式高尔基体网络(TGN)是在分泌运送路径的必要的交通枢纽。为了确保水泡运输的保真度,真核细胞利用各种蛋白质分选设备将特定的货物蛋白质准确地包装到TGN的运输小泡中,然后运至特定的目的地(Guo 等人,2014)。为了加深我们对TGN分选过程特异性的理解,重要的是开发一种能够忠实地重构TGN囊泡形成和货物分选过程的分析方法。该测定法可用于直接和定量地测量特定因子在调节特定货物蛋白包装到运输小泡中的作用。从内质网(ER)将货物蛋白包装到COPII囊泡中的无细胞重构已得到很好的建立(Kim 等,2005; Kim 等,2007; Merte 等,2010; Yuan 等。,2018;Niu 等,2019;)。已经开发出一种体外测定法,其在TGN处重构特定货物蛋白TGN46在运输小泡中的释放(Ponnambalam 等,1996;Wakana ...

Expression, Purification and Crystallization of Recombinant Arabidopsis Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Synthase (MGD1)
Author:
Date:
2016-12-20
[Abstract]  In plant cells, galactolipids are predominant, representing up to 50% of the lipid content in photosynthetic tissues. Galactolipid synthesis is initiated by MGDG synthases (MGDs), which use UDP-galactose as a donor sugar and diacylglycerol (DAG) as acceptor, to form monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG). This protocol is used to produce a recombinant form of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 1 (MGD1) protein, in Escherichia coli (E. coli), using a two-step chromatographic purification procedure. The protein is easily ... [摘要]  在植物细胞中,半乳糖脂是主要的,代表高达光合组织脂质含量的50%。通过使用UDP-半乳糖作为供体糖和二酰基甘油(DAG)作为受体的MGDG合成酶(MGD)启动半乳糖脂合成以形成单糖基二酰基甘油(MGDG)。该方案用于在大肠杆菌中产生拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)(拟南芥)单糖半乳糖二酰基甘油合酶1(MGD1)蛋白的重组形式(大肠杆菌),使用两步色谱纯化方法。蛋白质容易表达和纯化至数量,适用于生物化学和结构研究。还描述了MGD1的结晶。

背景 以前在e中表达植物MGD的尝试。大肠杆菌显示约99%的重组蛋白质积累在包涵体中(Miège等,1999)。开发了使用洗涤剂或体外包涵体折叠方案的细菌膜的溶解,并产生足够的纯和活性级分,足以监测酶的活性,但不进行其结构研究(Nishiyama et ...

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