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Author:
Date:
2015-11-20
[Abstract] One of the major topics in plant and animal biology is sexual reproduction. It is, therefore, of great interest to isolate and study germ cells and accessory cells. The male gametophyte of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana), pollen, is the product of two post-meiotic mitotic divisions. Each mature pollen grain consists of two sperm cells contained within the vegetative cell, the non-reproductive companion cell. The tough pollen wall and its special nested structure make it difficult to study pollen cells separately. Here, we describe a simple and ...
[摘要] 植物和动物生物学的一个主要议题是有性繁殖。因此，分离和研究生殖细胞和附属细胞是非常有意义的。开花植物拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）（ A。thaliana ）的雄性配子体是两个减数分裂后有丝分裂的产物。每个成熟花粉粒由包含在营养细胞（非生殖伴侣细胞）内的两个精细胞组成。坚硬的花粉壁及其特殊的嵌套结构使得难以分别研究花粉细胞。在这里，我们描述一个简单而有效的方法分割。拟南芥精子和营养细胞核通过荧光激活细胞分选（FACS）。我们的方案基于用SYBR Green I染色的精子和营养细胞核的荧光强度的差异.100植物产生约1×10 6个精子和350,000个营养细胞核。该方法可用于纯化各种A的花粉核。拟南芥野生型种质和突变株系，并且原则上可适用于其它植物物种的花粉。
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Author:
Alexandre Calon, Elisa Espinet, Sergio Palomo-Ponce, Daniele V. F. Tauriello, Mar Iglesias, María Virtudes Céspedes, Marta Sevillano, Cristina Nadal, Peter Jung, Xiang H.-F. Zhang, Daniel Byrom, Antoni Riera, David Rossell, Ramón Mangues, Joan Massague, Elena Sancho and Eduard Batlle,
Date:
2014-05-05
[Abstract] Metastasis depends on a gene program expressed by the tumor microenvironment upon TGF-beta stimulation. CRC (Colorectal cancer) cell lines did not induce robust stromal TGF-beta responses when injected into nude mice as shown by lack of p-SMAD2 accumulation in tumor-associated stromal cells. To enforce high TGF-beta signaling in xenografts, we engineered CRC cell lines to secrete active TGF-beta. Subcutaneous tumors obtained from HT29-M6TGF-β, KM12L4aTGF-β cells and SW48TGF-β cells contained abundant p-SMAD2+ stromal cells.
[摘要] 转移依赖于在TGF-β刺激时由肿瘤微环境表达的基因程序。 当注射到裸鼠中时，CRC（结肠直肠癌）细胞系不诱导强烈的基质TGF-β应答，如肿瘤相关基质细胞中缺乏p-SMAD2积累所示。 为了在异种移植物中强化高TGF-β信号传导，我们设计CRC细胞系以分泌活性TGF-β。 从HT29-M6TGF-β，KM12L4aTGF-β细胞和SW48TGF-β细胞获得的皮下肿瘤含有丰富的p-SMAD2 + 基质细胞。
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