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公司名称: Thermo Fisher Scientific
产品编号: 14190094
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Assessing the Efficacy of Small Molecule Inhibitors in a Mouse Model of Persistent Norovirus Infection
Author:
Date:
2018-05-05
[Abstract]  Human norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, resulting in estimated mortality of ~210,000 each year, of whom most are children under the age of five. However, norovirus can infect people of all age groups. There is a risk of prolonged infection in children, the elderly and patients who are immunocompromised. To study the inhibition of persistent norovirus replication by small molecule antivirals in vivo, we used a murine norovirus CR6 strain (MNV.CR6). We demonstrated earlier that efficient small molecules can reduce viral shedding in the stool of ... [摘要]  人类诺瓦克病毒是全球急性胃肠炎最常见的原因,估计每年约有210,000人死亡,其中大部分是5岁以下的儿童。 然而,诺如病毒可以感染所有年龄组的人。 儿童,老年人和免疫功能低下的患者有长期感染的风险。 为研究体内小分子抗病毒剂对持续诺如病毒复制的抑制作用,我们使用鼠诺沃克病毒CR6株(MNV.CR6)。 我们之前表明,高效小分子可以减少感染小鼠粪便中的病毒脱落。 在这里,我们介绍如何产生MNV.CR6病毒,通过口服灌胃感染I型和II型干扰素受体敲除AG129小鼠,给小鼠施用抗病毒药物,并量化这些小鼠粪便中的病毒基因组拷贝。

【背景】人诺瓦克病毒是胃肠炎的重要原因。尽管大多数诺罗病毒感染是急性和自限性的,但是在具有免疫缺陷状态的患者中,尤其是在实体器官和造血干细胞移植受体,接受化疗的患者和患有AIDS的患者中,感染可能变成慢性的(Westhoff等人, / em>,2009; Green,2014; Angarone 等。,2016)。在幼儿和老年人中也观察到延长的诺如病毒感染,导致疾病持续时间增加,排便增加和病毒脱落长达47天(Murata等人,2007; ...

Organotypic Brain Cultures: A Framework for Studying CNS Infection by Neurotropic Viruses and Screening Antiviral Drugs
Author:
Date:
2017-11-20
[Abstract]  According to the World Health Organization (WHO), at least 50% of emerging viruses endowed with pathogenicity in humans can infect the Central Nervous System (CNS) with induction of encephalitis and other neurologic diseases (Taylor et al., 2001; Olival and Daszak, 2005). While neurological diseases are progressively documented, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in virus infection and dissemination within the CNS are still poorly understood (Swanson and McGavern, 2015; Ludlow et al., 2016). For example, measles virus (MeV) can infect neural cells, and ... [摘要]  根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的统计,至少有50%的新发病毒具有致病性,可感染中枢神经系统(CNS),并诱发脑炎和其他神经系统疾病(Taylor et al。 >,2001; Olival和Daszak,2005)。虽然神经系统疾病逐渐被记录下来,但涉及病毒感染和在CNS内传播的潜在细胞和分子机制仍然知之甚少(Swanson and McGavern,2015; Ludlow等人,2016)。例如,麻疹病毒(MeV)可以感染神经细胞,并在原发感染后几个月至数年导致持续的脑感染,导致致死性脑炎,而没有可用的治疗(Reuter和Schneider-Schaulies,2010; Laksono等人。,2016)。器官型脑文化(OBC)是病毒学领域的一个合适的模型,以更好地理解中枢神经系统感染。实际上,它不仅可以研究中枢神经系统内嗜神经病毒的感染和传播,而且还可以作为创新性抗病毒策略或分子的筛选模型,如我们最近发表的有关融合抑制肽和HSP90伴侣蛋白活性抑制剂的研究, 17-DMAG(Welsch等人,2013; ...

Protocol for Establishing a Multiplex Image-based Autophagy RNAi Screen in Cell Cultures
Author:
Date:
2017-09-05
[Abstract]  Autophagy is a recycling pathway, in which intracellular cargoes including protein aggregates and bacteria are engulfed by autophagosomes and subsequently degraded after fusion with lysosomes. Dysregulation of this process is involved in several human diseases such as cancer or neurodegeneration. Hence, advancing our understanding of how autophagy is regulated provides an opportunity to explore druggable targets and subsequently develop treatment strategies for these diseases. To identify novel autophagy regulators, we developed an image-based phenotypic RNAi screening approach using ... [摘要]  自噬是一种循环途径,其中细胞内货物包括蛋白质聚集体和细菌被自噬吞噬,随后与溶酶体融合后降解。这种过程的失调涉及几种人类疾病,如癌症或神经退行性疾病。因此,提高我们对自噬如何监管的理解提供了探索可药用靶标的机会,并随后制定了这些疾病的治疗策略。为了鉴定新的自噬调节因子,我们开发了一种基于图像的表型RNAi筛选方法,在内源水平上使用自噬标记蛋白(Jung et al。,2017)。与以前进行的自噬屏幕相比,该方法不使用过表达标记的自噬标记蛋白,而是在内源水平检测自噬结构。此外,我们同时监测自噬的早期和晚期阶段,而其他筛选仅使用单个自噬体标志物大多为GFP-LC3B。在这里,我们详细描述了这种多重筛选方案,并讨论了如何建立基于图像的siRNA筛选的一般考虑。
【背景】自噬是一种细胞内质量和数量控制途径,通过这种途径,多种细胞溶质材料如病原体,细胞器或其部分,蛋白质和其他大分子被双重膜结构所吞噬,造成自噬体,并在自噬体与溶酶体融合后进行大量溶酶体降解。自体吞噬体的形成及其对自体溶酶体的成熟是一个高度规范的过程。在酵母中最初鉴定的AuTophaGy相关(ATG)基因是泛蛋白样蛋白Atg8,其通过与位于受体自噬体中的磷脂磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)的可逆缀合以高度局部化的方式发挥其功能。人类细胞含有六个ATG8家族成员,可以分为两个亚科:i)微管相关蛋白1A / ...

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