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Ammonium Persulfate, ACS Grade

过硫酸铵ACS级

公司名称: VWR
产品编号: 97064-594
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RNA Capping by Transcription Initiation with Non-canonical Initiating Nucleotides (NCINs): Determination of Relative Efficiencies of Transcription Initiation with NCINs and NTPs
Author:
Date:
2017-06-20
[Abstract]  It recently has been established that adenine-containing cofactors, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and 3’-desphospho-coenzyme A (dpCoA), can serve as ‘non-canonical initiating nucleotides’ (NCINs) for transcription initiation by bacterial and eukaryotic cellular RNA polymerases (RNAPs) and that the efficiency of the reaction is determined by promoter sequence (Bird et al., 2016). Here we describe a protocol to quantify the relative efficiencies of transcription initiation using an NCIN vs. transcription ... [摘要]  最近已经确定,含有腺嘌呤的辅因子,包括烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD +),还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)和3'-脱磷酸辅酶A(dpCoA)可以作为“非规范起始核苷酸” NCIN),用于通过细菌和真核细胞RNA聚合酶(RNAP)进行转录起始,并且通过启动子序列确定反应的效率(Bird等,2016)。 在这里,我们描述了使用NCIN与使用三磷酸核苷(NTP)对于给定启动子序列的转录起始来定量转录起始的相对效率的方案。
【背景】在细菌,古细菌和真核生物中的转录由序列,结构和机制保守的多亚基RNA聚合酶(RNAPs)进行(Ebright,2000; Lane和Darst,2010)。为了启动转录,RNAP与一个或多个引发因子一起结合称为“启动子”的特异性DNA序列,并解开启动子DNA以形成含有未解链“转录泡”的RNAP启动子开放复合物(RPo)(图1A; Ruff等人,2015)。 RNAP然后通过扩增(“剔除”)或收缩(“抗锯齿”)转录起始点来选择转录起始位点,以将转录起始位点的核苷酸置于RNAP活性中心起始位点(“i位点”)和扩增位点'i + 1位点')结合i位点的互补起始核苷酸底物和“i + 1”位点的互补延伸底物,并催化磷酸二酯键形成产生初始RNA产物(Winkelman等, 2016)。
在标准的从头转录启动中,起始底物是核苷三磷酸(NTP),通常为ATP或GTP(Nickels ...

Mismatched Primer Extension Assays
Author:
Date:
2015-06-20
[Abstract]  Steady state kinetic assays have been a reliable way to estimate fidelity of several polymerases (Menendez-Arias, 2009; Rezende and Prasad, 2004; Svarovskaia et al., 2003). The ability to analyze the extension of primers with specific mismatches at the 3ʹ end is a major strength of the mismatched primer extension assays. Recently, we used the mismatched primer extension assays to show that the fidelity of HIV RT increases dramatically when concentration of Mg2+ is reduced to a physiologically relevant concentration (~0.25 mM) (Achuthan et al., 2014). Here, we ... [摘要]  稳态动力学测定法是估计几种聚合酶的保真度的可靠方法(Menendez-Arias,2009; Rezende和Prasad,2004; Svarovskaia等人,2003)。分析具有在3'末端的特异性错配的引物的延伸的能力是错配引物延伸测定的主要强度。最近,我们使用错配的引物延伸测定法显示当Mg 2+浓度降低到生理相关浓度(〜0.25mM)时,HIV RT的保真度显着增加(Achuthan等al 。,2014)。在这里,我们详细地描述如何进行错配引物延伸测定以使用人类免疫缺陷病毒逆转录酶(HIV RT)在2mM Mg 2+ 2 + 测量标准延伸效率。然后可以使用标准延伸效率估计聚合酶的相对保真度。这里描述的测定基于在Mendelman等人(1990)中公开的方法。

Primer Extension Reactions for the PCR- based α- complementation Assay
Author:
Date:
2015-06-20
[Abstract]  The PCR- based- α- complementation assay is an effective technique to measure the fidelity of polymerases, especially RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRP) and Reverse Transcriptases (RT). It has been successfully employed to determine the fidelity of the poliovirus polymerase 3D-pol (DeStefano, 2010) as well as the human immunodeficiency virus Reverse Transcriptase (HIV RT) (Achuthan et al., 2014). A major advantage of the assay is that since the PCR step is involved, even the low yield of products obtained after two rounds of low yield of RNA synthesis (for RDRP) or reverse ... [摘要]  基于PCR的α-互补分析是测量聚合酶,特别是RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶(RDRP)和逆转录酶(RT)的保真度的有效技术。它已经成功地用于确定脊髓灰质炎病毒聚合酶3D-pol(DeStefano,2010)以及人类免疫缺陷病毒逆转录酶(HIV RT)的保真度(Achuthan等人,2014)。该测定法的主要优点是,由于涉及PCR步骤,甚至可以使用该测定法测量在两轮低合成RNA合成(对于RDRP)或逆转录(对于RT)后获得的产物的低产率。该测定也模拟逆转录过程,因为进行RNA和DNA指导的RT合成步骤。我们最近使用该测定法显示在生理相关镁浓度下的HIV RT具有与其它逆转录酶相同范围内的准确度(Achuthan等人,2014)。在这里,我们详细描述如何使用引物延伸反应准备插入。然后在基于PCR的α-互补分析中进一步处理制备的插入片段。

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