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Innova® 40/40R Incubator Shaker

New Brunswick TM Innova ® 40 / 40R

公司名称: Eppendorf
产品编号: Innova® 40/40R
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Separation of Free and Bound cAMP in Mycobacteria
Author:
Date:
2016-07-20
[Abstract]  Mycobacterial genomes encode a plethora of genes that are involved in the synthesis, utilization and degradation of cAMP. The genome of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, for example, encodes 16 adenylyl cyclases and 10 genes harbouring the cyclic nucleotide-binding (CNB) domain (Shenoy and Visweswariah, 2006). Cyclic AMP is efficiently secreted by mycobacteria, and cytosolic as well as extracellular levels of cAMP can reach hundreds of micromolar. We have recently reported that an abundantly expressed universal stress protein (USP; Rv1636 in M. tuberculosis H37Rv and MSMEG_3811 in M. ... [摘要]  分枝杆菌基因组编码涉及cAMP的合成,利用和降解的大量基因。例如,结核分枝杆菌H37Rv的基因组编码16个腺苷酸环化酶和10个携带环核苷酸结合(CNB)结构域的基因(Shenoy和Visweswariah,2006)。循环AMP由分枝杆菌有效分泌,细胞溶质以及细胞外cAMP水平可达数百微摩尔。我们最近报道,大量表达的普遍应激蛋白(USP; Rv1636在结核分枝杆菌H37Rv和MSMEG_3811分别在耻垢分枝杆菌中)分别结合cAMP(Banerjee等,2015)。鉴于存在于分枝杆菌中的cAMP结合蛋白的数量,预期细胞内cAMP的显着部分可能与蛋白质结合。通常用于测量cAMP的方法是放射免疫测定(RIA)和ELISA。然而,这些方法包括将cAMP“结合”解离成蛋白质的样品的预先酸化,因此代表样品中存在的“总”cAMP。在本协议中,我们描述了一种将cAMP'结合'蛋白质与蛋白质“自由”分离或与蛋白质不相关的方法。这通过使细胞溶质级分或培养物上清液通过具有3kDa截止值的膜过滤来进行。只有'自由'cAMP才能通过膜。因此,滤液中的cAMP浓度代表样品中的“游离”cAMP。原始细胞溶质级分或培养上清液中的环AMP水平代表“总”cAMP浓度。从“总”中减去“自由”提供了与蛋白质结合的cAMP量。

Expression, Purification and Enzymatic Assay of Plant Histone Deacetylases
Author:
Date:
2016-04-05
[Abstract]  Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyzing the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues of histone and non-histone proteins play vital roles in regulation of gene transcription. In plants, HDACs can be grouped into three families, including RPD3-type, SIR2-type and plant specific HD2-type HDACs. Here we describe a method to determine plant HDAC enzymatic activity. This protocol includes expression, purification and enzymatic activity assay of recombinant plant HDACs expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana). [摘要]  组蛋白脱乙酰酶(HDAC)催化从组蛋白和非组蛋白蛋白的赖氨酸残基去除乙酰基在调节基因转录中起重要作用。 在植物中,HDAC可以分为三个家族,包括RPD3型,SIR2型和植物特异性HD2型HDAC。 在这里我们描述了一种确定植物HDAC酶活性的方法。 该方案包括在大肠杆菌(大肠杆菌)和拟南芥()中表达的重组植物HDAC的表达,纯化和酶活性测定 >拟南芥)。

Design and Functional Analysis of Fluorescent Nitrate and Peptide Transporter Activity Sensors in Yeast Cultures
Author:
Date:
2016-02-05
[Abstract]  This protocol describes the methods used to engineer and deploy genetically encoded fluorescence activity reporters for nitrate and peptide transporter activity in yeast cells. Fusion of the dual-affinity nitrate transceptor CHL1/AtNRT1.1/AtNPF6.3 or four different peptide transporters (AtPTR1, 2, 4, and 5) from Arabidopsis to a pair of fluorescent proteins with different spectral properties, enabled us to engineer the NiTracs (nitrate transporter activity tracking sensors) and the PepTracs (peptide transporter activity tracking sensors), ratiometric fluorescence activity sensors ... [摘要]  该协议描述了用于在酵母细胞中设计和部署遗传编码的荧光活性报告人硝酸盐和肽转运蛋白活性的方法。将双亲硝酸盐转运体CHL1 / AtNRT1.1 / AtNPF6.3或四种不同的肽转运蛋白(AtPTR1,2,4和5)从拟南芥融合成具有不同光谱性质的一对荧光蛋白,使我们能够设计NiTracs(硝酸盐转运蛋白活性跟踪传感器)和PepTracs(肽转运蛋白活性跟踪传感器),比例式荧光活性传感器,监测体外硝酸盐转运体或肽转运蛋白的活性(Ho et al。,2014)。 NiTrac1传感器特异性和可逆地响应于硝酸盐的添加,而PepTracs通过减少供体和受体发射来响应添加二肽,而受体激发的发射保持不变,或荧光团发射比例的变化。所有传感器都适用于比例成像。 NiTrac1传感器响应[从μM到mM(Liu和Tsay,2003)]和硝酸盐转运动力学的两相动力学的相似性暗示了NiTrac1在运输循环期间提供了关于构象重排的信息,从而报告在广泛的外部硝酸盐浓度范围内的转运蛋白活性。 NiTrac的几种变体已被设计,它们对硝酸盐(NiTrac1:CHL1; NiTracT101A:CHL1T101A)的亲和力不同。 NiTrac还能识别氯酸盐。在这里,我们描述了使用分光荧光计设计,实施和检测酵母细胞中硝酸盐受体活性的简单方法。

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