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HEPES solution (1 M)

HEPES溶液

公司名称: Sigma-Aldrich
产品编号: H3537
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A 3D Skin Melanoma Spheroid-Based Model to Assess Tumor-Immune Cell Interactions
Author:
Date:
2020-12-05
[Abstract]  Three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids have the potential to bridge the gap between two-dimensional (2D) monolayer tumor cell cultures and solid tumors with which they share a significant degree of similarity. However, the progression of solid tumors is often influenced by the dynamic and reciprocal interactions between tumor and immune cells. Here we present a 3D tumor spheroid-based model that might shed new light on understanding the mechanisms of tumor and immune cell interactions. The model first utilizes the hanging drop assay, which serves as one of the simplest methods for generating ... [摘要]  [摘要]三维(3D)肿瘤球体具有弥合二维(2D)单层肿瘤细胞培养物与实体瘤之间的差距的潜力,它们之间有着显着的相似性。然而,实体瘤的进展通常受肿瘤与免疫细胞之间的动态相互作用和相互影响的影响。在这里,我们提出了一个基于3D肿瘤球体的模型,该模型可能会为了解肿瘤与免疫细胞相互作用的机制提供新的思路。的该模型首先利用了悬滴法,这是生成3D球体的最简单方法之一,不需要专门的设备。接下来,可以将预先建立的球体与目标免疫细胞群体直接或间接共培养。使用皮肤黑色素瘤,我们提供了该模型的详细说明,这可能对成功治疗策略的开发具有重要意义。

[背景]三维(3D)肿瘤球体是球形的自组装肿瘤细胞聚集体,类似于微转移瘤并复制实体瘤的许多特征。就像在无血管实体瘤的非增生区域一样,球体内部区域的肿瘤细胞通常表现出扰动的基因和蛋白质表达,新陈代谢改变,细胞周期停滞和坏死(Sant and Johnston ,2017)。但是,用于生成3D椭球体的大多数当前可用技术是耗时,困难和昂贵的。一种简单,快速,简便的生成3D球体的方法是使用悬滴法(Foty ...

A Small RNA Isolation and Sequencing Protocol and Its Application to Assay CRISPR RNA Biogenesis in Bacteria
Author:
Date:
2018-02-20
[Abstract]  Next generation high-throughput sequencing has enabled sensitive and unambiguous analysis of RNA populations in cells. Here, we describe a method for isolation and strand-specific sequencing of small RNA pools from bacteria that can be multiplexed to accommodate multiple biological samples in a single experiment. Small RNAs are isolated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and treated with T4 polynucleotide kinase. This allows for 3’ adapter ligation to CRISPR RNAs, which don’t have pre-existing 3’-OH ends. Pre-adenylated adapters are then ligated using T4 RNA ligase 1 in the absence of ATP ... [摘要]  新一代高通量测序技术能够对细胞中的RNA群体进行敏感和明确的分析。在这里,我们描述了一种从细菌中分离和链特异性测序小RNA池的方法,所述细菌可以在单个实验中多路复用以容纳多个生物样品。小RNA通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离并用T4多核苷酸激酶处理。这允许3'衔接头连接至CRISPR RNA,其不具有预先存在的3'-OH末端。然后使用T4 RNA连接酶1在不存在ATP和高浓度聚乙二醇(PEG)的情况下将前腺苷酸化的衔接子连接。 3'捕获步骤能够精确测定不同RNA分子的3'末端。此外,连接适配器中的随机六聚体有助于控制潜在的下游扩增偏差。逆转录后,将cDNA产物环化并通过PCR制备文库。我们显示扩增的文库不需要通过凝胶电泳可见,以期望产物的有效测序。使用这种方法,我们通常从少量纯化的小RNA制备RNA测序文库。该协议适合于通过对成熟的CRISPR RNA进行测序来测定细菌中的CRISPR RNA生物合成,但可以用于测序不同类型的小RNA。我们还提供了一个完整的数据处理管道示例,并提供了运行所提供脚本的说明。


【背景】与聚集的经常散布的短回文重复序列(CRISPR)相关的遗传模块赋予不同的原核宿主适应性免疫(Barrangou et ...

A Surface Plasmon Resonance Method to Study HCV NS5B Inhibitors
Author:
Date:
2014-02-20
[Abstract]  Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology is a well-established platform used to evaluate the kinetic parameters of protein-small molecule interactions. Below, we describe the use of the ProteOn XPR36 biosensor from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA) to evaluate the binding of small molecule inhibitors to recombinant NS5B protein. The high pI (> 9) of this construct allows for chemical immobilization using HEPES-buffered saline at pH 7.5. This is in contrast to traditional biosensor protocols that use both low pH and ionic strength. The use of a more physiological buffer to immobilize this enzyme ... [摘要]  表面等离子体共振(SPR)技术是一个成熟的平台,用于评估蛋白质 - 小分子相互作用的动力学参数。 下面,我们描述使用来自Bio-Rad(Hercules,CA)的ProteOn XPR36生物传感器来评价小分子抑制剂与重组NS5B蛋白的结合。 该构建体的高pI(> 9)允许使用pH7.5的HEPES缓冲盐水进行化学固定。 这与使用低pH和离子强度的传统生物传感器方案相反。 使用更多生理缓冲液来固定该酶导致改善的表面活性。

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