| Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV)-based Coronavirus Spike-pseudotyped Particle Production and Infection
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Author:
Date:
2016-12-05
[Abstract] Viral pseudotyped particles (pp) are enveloped virus particles, typically derived from retroviruses or rhabdoviruses, that harbor heterologous envelope glycoproteins on their surface and a genome lacking essential genes. These synthetic viral particles are safer surrogates of native viruses and acquire the tropism and host entry pathway characteristics governed by the heterologous envelope glycoprotein used. They have proven to be very useful tools used in research with many applications, such as enabling the study of entry pathways of enveloped viruses and to generate effective gene-delivery ...
[摘要] 病毒假型颗粒（pp）是包膜病毒颗粒，通常来自逆转录病毒或弹状病毒，在其表面上携带异源性包膜糖蛋白和缺乏必需基因的基因组。这些合成的病毒颗粒是天然病毒的更安全的替代品并且获得由所使用的异源性包膜糖蛋白控制的嗜性和宿主进入途径特征。它们已被证明是用于具有许多应用的研究中非常有用的工具，例如使得能够研究包膜病毒的进入途径并产生有效的基因递送载体。它们的产生的基础在于一些病毒如鼠白血病病毒（MLV）的能力，以将其他病毒的包膜糖蛋白掺入假型病毒颗粒中。这些可以被工程化以包含报道基因例如荧光素酶，使得能够在易感细胞的假型粒子感染时定量病毒进入事件。在这里，我们详细说明使用中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）尖峰（S）作为待并入的异源包膜糖蛋白的实例，能够产生基于MLV的假型包装颗粒的方案。我们还描述了这些颗粒如何用于感染易感细胞并通过荧光素酶测定进行定量感染性读数。
关键词：假型颗粒，鼠白血病病毒，包膜糖蛋白，冠状病毒，
[背景] ...
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| Assessment of Brown Adipocyte Thermogenic Function by High-throughput Respirometry
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Author:
Date:
2015-11-05
[Abstract] Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has the unique ability to dramatically increase mitochondrial uncoupled fuel oxidation for thermogenesis in response to adrenergic stimulation. A key parameter in assessing brown adipocyte thermogenic capacity is mitochondrial uncoupling as determined by respiration. Measuring mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) therefore provides valuable information to study the regulation and dysregulation of fuel metabolism and energy expenditure. Adding measurements of mitochondrial membrane potential allows for more in-depth interpretation of the respirometry data. ...
[摘要] 棕色脂肪组织（BAT）具有显着增加线粒体解偶联燃料氧化以响应肾上腺素刺激的热生成的独特能力。评估棕色脂肪细胞产热能力的关键参数是通过呼吸确定的线粒体解偶联。因此，测量线粒体氧消耗率（OCR）为研究燃料代谢和能量消耗的调节和失调提供了有价值的信息。添加线粒体膜电位的测量允许更加深入地解释呼吸数据。在这里我们提供使用Seahorse XF分析仪测量贴壁完整和质膜透性棕色脂肪细胞呼吸的协议。在方案部分I中，去甲肾上腺素和游离脂肪酸的组合用于诱导解偶联呼吸。然后使用ATP合酶抑制剂寡霉素，化学去偶联剂FCCP和复合物III抑制剂抗霉素A分别测量偶联的，最大的和非线粒体的氧消耗。在方案第II部分中，质膜用重组perfringolysin O透化，胆固醇依赖性细胞溶解素寡聚化成在质膜中专门的孔。这允许代谢物可用性的实验性控制，而不从天然细胞环境中分离线粒体。
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| Adoptive Transfer of Memory B Cells
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Author:
Date:
2015-08-20
[Abstract] The adoptive transfer of antigen-specific B cells into mice that cannot recognize that specific antigen has two main advantages. The first is determining exactly when the B cells were transferred and exposed to antigen. The second is that all B cells that can bind that antigen are the ones that were transferred; no new antigen-specific B cells will emerge from the bone marrow. Thus all B cells that were exposed to the antigen and still alive after at least 4 weeks (8 weeks or more is ideal), are memory B cells.
Splenic B cells from B1-8 mice were prepared with an EasySep Mouse B ...
[摘要] 将抗原特异性B细胞过继转移到不能识别该特异性抗原的小鼠中具有两个主要优点。 第一种是确切地确定B细胞何时转移并暴露于抗原。 第二是可以结合该抗原的所有B细胞是转移的; 从骨髓中不会出现新的抗原特异性B细胞。 因此，暴露于抗原并在至少4周（8周或更长时间是理想的）后仍存活的所有B细胞是记忆B细胞。
根据制造商的方案用EasySep小鼠B细胞富集试剂盒制备来自B1-8小鼠的脾B细胞。 将单细胞悬浮液静脉内转移到受体小鼠的尾静脉中。 每只小鼠转移约100万个NP + B细胞。 转移后约12-24小时，用在明矾中沉淀的50μgNP-CGG腹膜内免疫小鼠。
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