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Cover Glass Forceps

盖玻璃钳

公司名称: Fine Science Tools
产品编号: 11073-10
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Quantifying the Capacity of Phloem Loading in Leaf Disks with [14C]Sucrose
Author:
Date:
2017-12-20
[Abstract]  Phloem loading and transport of photoassimilate from photoautotrophic source leaves to heterotrophic sink organs are essential physiological processes that help the disparate organs of a plant function as a single, unified organism. We present three protocols we routinely use in combination with each other to assess (1) the relative rates of sucrose (Suc) loading into the phloem vascular system of mature leaves (this protocol), (2) the relative rates of carbon loading and transport through the phloem (Yadav et al., 2017a), and (3) the relative rates of carbon unloading into ... [摘要]  来自光合自养源的光合同化物的韧皮部装载和运输到异养宿主器官是必不可少的生理过程,其帮助植物的不同器官作为单一的统一生物体起作用。我们提出了三种方案,我们经常使用相互组合,以评估(1)蔗糖(Suc)加载到成熟叶片的韧皮部血管系统(本协议)的相对比率,(2)碳负荷和运输通过韧皮部(Yadav et al。,2017a),和(3)在长距离运输后碳卸载到异养汇器官特别是根中的相对速率(Yadav等人, / em>。,2017b)。我们建议,在实验和对照植物上进行所有三种方案提供了全植物碳分配的可靠比较,并且将与单独进行的单个方案相关联的歧义降至最低(Dasgupta等人,2014; Khadilkar 。,2016)。在该方案中,从成熟莲座叶中分离的拟南芥叶片用含有[14 C] Suc的缓冲溶液浸润。 Suc转运蛋白(SUCs或SUTs)将Suc载入韧皮部,并将多余的,卸载在叶片中的Suc洗掉。通过冻干叶盘的放射自显影显示标记的Suc加载到静脉中,并通过闪烁计数进行定量。结果表示为每单位叶盘鲜重或面积的每分钟崩解。

【背景】光合同化物从源头到宿主器官的运输对于整个植物的正常生长和维持至关重要。叶片中的韧皮部负载是将在叶肉细胞中合成的光合同化物递送至韧皮部脉管系统的伴生细胞(CC)和筛分元素(SE)。三种不同的加载机制被认可。其中两个消耗能量在CC和SEs中累积高浓度的糖,并在源叶韧皮部产生高静水压力。第一种是外源韧皮部装载,其中将Suc(和/或一些物种中的糖醇)穿过质膜从细胞壁空间(即,质外体)装载进入CC中的CC质子动力的牺牲(Giaquinta,1983)。第二种是聚合物捕获,其中Suc通过特化的胞间连丝(Botmodesmata)扩散到韧皮部,并转化为太大而不能扩散回来的寡糖(Turgeon,1996)。第三种机制是被动加载,其中叶肉细胞中的溶质浓度最高,胞间连丝为被动移入CC和SE提供了一个开放的途径(Rennie和Turgeon,2009)。 ...

Preparation of Single Cell Suspensions from Mouse Aorta
Author:
Date:
2016-06-05
[Abstract]  Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall characterized by lipid deposition, plaque formation, and immune cell infiltration. Innate and adaptive immune cells infiltrate the artery during development of the disease. Moreover, advanced disease leads to formation of artery tertiary lymphoid organs in the adventitia (Grabner et al., 2009; Hu et al., 2015). Various and diverse types of immune cells have been identified in the aorta adventitia vs atherosclerotic plaques (Elewa et al., 2016; Galkina et al., 2006; Lotzer et al., 2010; ... [摘要]  动脉粥样硬化是动脉壁的慢性炎性疾病,其特征在于脂质沉积,斑块形成和免疫细胞浸润。先天性和适应性免疫细胞在疾病发展期间浸润动脉。此外,晚期疾病导致外膜中动脉三级淋巴器官的形成(Grabner等人,2009; Hu等人,2015)。已经在主动脉外膜vs动脉粥样硬化斑块中鉴定了各种不同类型的免疫细胞(Elewa等人,2016; Galkina等人,2006; Lotzer等人, 2010; Mohanta等人,2016; Mohanta等人,2014; Moos等人,2010; Mohanta等人,2010; 2005; Srikakulapu et al。,2016; Zhao et al。,2004)。根据动物的年龄,用于获得单细胞悬浮液的方案和小鼠的饮食条件,存在关于主动脉中免疫细胞的数量和亚型的矛盾报告(Campbell等, 2012; Clement等人,2015; Galkina等人,2006; Kyaw等人,2012)。使用不同的方案,主动脉中免疫细胞的数目差异多达十倍(Butcher等,2012; Galkina等,2006; Gjurich等,2015; Grabner等人,2009; ...

Aorta Atherosclerosis Lesion Analysis in Hyperlipidemic Mice
Author:
Date:
2016-06-05
[Abstract]  Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice are used as experimental models to study human atherosclerosis. ApoE-/- mice are constitutively hyperlipidemic and develop intima plaques that resemble human plaques. Various issues including experimental design for lesion analysis, dietary conditions, isolation of the aorta, staining methods, morphometry, group size, age, the location within the arterial tree, and statistical analyses are important parameters that need to be addressed to obtain ... [摘要]  动脉粥样硬化是大和中等大小动脉的慢性炎性疾病。 载脂蛋白E缺陷(ApoE -/-/- )小鼠用作实验模型来研究人动脉粥样硬化。 ApoE -/-/- 小鼠是组成性高脂血症并且发展类似于人噬斑的内膜斑块。 包括病变分析的实验设计,饮食条件,主动脉分离,染色方法,形态测定,组大小,年龄,动脉树内的位置和统计分析的各种问题是需要解决以获得鲁棒数据的重要参数。 在这里,我们提供详细的方法来量化主动脉粥样硬化。

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