| In vitro Treatment of Mouse and Human Cells with Endogenous Ligands for Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
|
|
Author:
Date:
2017-01-05
[Abstract] Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) by endogenous ligands has been implicated in a variety of physiological processes such as cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation and immune responses. It is reported that tryptophan metabolites, such as kynurenine (Kyn) and 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ), are endogenous ligands for AHR (Stockinger et al., 2014). This protocol is designed for treatment with Kyn or FICZ in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or primary peripheral monocytes.
[摘要] 通过内源性配体活化芳基烃受体（AHR）已涉及多种生理过程，如细胞周期调控，细胞分化和免疫应答。据报道，色氨酸代谢物，如犬尿胆碱（Kyn）和6-甲基吲哚（3,2-b）咔唑（FICZ）是AHR的内源性配体（Stockinger等人，2014）。该方案设计用于在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞（MEF）或初级周边单核细胞中用Kyn或FICZ进行治疗。
背景 色氨酸代谢物如Kyn和FICZ是生理条件下AHR的内源性配体。 Kyn由色氨酸-2,3-双加氧酶（TDO）和/或吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶1和2（IDO1 / 2）产生，并有助于抑制抗肿瘤反应和恶性进展（Stockinger等人，2014）。 ...
|
|
|
| HBV Infection in Human Hepatocytes and Quantification of Encapsidated HBV DNA
|
|
Author:
Date:
2016-01-20
[Abstract] Human hepatic cancer cell lines such as HepG2, Huh7, and HLE cannot get infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) due to lack of an HBV receptor(s). Transfection with HBV genome has so far been referred as a tool to mimic HBV infection. However, since sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) was identified as a functional receptor for HBV (Yan et al., 2012), hepatocyte cell lines that were stably transfected with a plasmid for NTCP expression have been used for HBV infection. This protocol is designed for infection with HBV in human hepatocyte cell line HepG2 expressing NTCP ...
[摘要] 人肝癌细胞系如HepG2，Huh7和HLE由于缺乏HBV受体而不能感染乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）。 HBV基因组的转染迄今为止被称为模拟HBV感染的工具。 然而，由于牛磺胆酸钠共转运多肽（NTCP）被鉴定为HBV的功能性受体（Yan等人，2012），已经使用用用于NTCP表达的质粒稳定转染的肝细胞细胞系 为HBV感染。 该方案设计用于在表达人类肝细胞细胞系HepG2的表达NTCP（HepG2-hNTCP-C4细胞; Iwamoto等人，2014）或原代人肝细胞（PHH）的HBV感染。 在本节中，我们还描述了用于评估HBV感染的方法之一：细胞内衣壳化的HBV DNA的定量。
|
|
|
| Infection of Human Hepatocyte-Chimeric Mice with HBV and in vivo Treatment with εRNA
|
|
Author:
Date:
2016-01-20
[Abstract] Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause both acute and chronic disease in human liver with potentially high risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer. The host range of non-human primates susceptible to this virus is limited. Therefore, experimental studies with human hepatocyte-chimeric mice provide an invaluable source of information regarding the biology and pathogenesis of HBV. This section describes the protocol for infection of the human hepatocyte-chimeric mice with HBV. In addition, it has recently been shown that HBV replication can be suppressed by exogenous expression of viral epsilon RNA ...
[摘要] 乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）可引起人类肝脏的急性和慢性疾病，具有潜在的肝硬化和肝癌的高风险。 对这种病毒敏感的非人灵长类动物的宿主范围有限。 因此，用人肝细胞嵌合小鼠的实验研究提供了关于HBV的生物学和发病机理的非常宝贵的信息来源。 本节描述了用HBV感染人肝细胞嵌合小鼠的方案。 此外，最近已经表明，HBV复制可以通过作为壳体化信号的病毒ε-RNA（εRNA; Sato等人，2015）的外源表达来抑制（Bartenschlager et al。，1992）。 基于这一发现，我们还描述了脂质体介导的在这些嵌合小鼠中将编码εRNA的质粒递送至肝的方案。
|
|
|