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2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl] ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)

2- [4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪基]乙磺酸(HEPES)

公司名称: Dojindo Molecular Technologies
产品编号: 342-01375
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Incubation of Cyanobacteria under Dark, Anaerobic Conditions and Quantification of the Excreted Organic Acids by HPLC
Author:
Date:
2017-05-05
[Abstract]  Succinate and lactate are commodity chemicals used for producing bioplastics. Recently, it was found that such organic acids are excreted from cells of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under dark, anaerobic conditions. To conduct the dark, anaerobic incubation, cells were concentrated within a vial that was then sealed with a butyl rubber cap, following which N2 gas was introduced into the vial. The organic acids produced were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography via post-labeling with bromothymol blue as a pH indicator. After ... [摘要]  琥珀酸盐和乳酸盐是用于生产生物塑料的商品化学品。最近发现这样的有机酸从单细胞蓝细菌集胞藻的细胞中排出。 PCC 6803在黑暗,无氧条件下。为了进行黑暗的厌氧培养,将细胞浓缩在小瓶内,然后用丁基橡胶帽密封,随后将N 2气体引入小瓶中。通过用溴百里酚蓝作为pH指示剂的后标记,通过高效液相色谱定量产生的有机酸。通过离子排阻色谱分离后,通过将其保留时间与标准溶液的保留时间进行比较来鉴定有机酸。这些程序允许研究人员量化微生物产生的有机酸,有助于蓝藻生物学和生物技术的知识。

背景 蓝细菌是一组进行氧合光合作用的细菌。集胞藻 sp。 PCC 6803(以下称为集胞藻6803)是非固氮,单细胞蓝细菌,通常用于基础和应用研究。集胞藻6803细胞能够在黑暗和厌氧条件下分泌有机酸,如琥珀酸盐和乳酸盐(Osanai等,2015)。培养条件的遗传操作和修饰,例如添加钾或NaHCO 3,成功地提高了从集胞藻6803细胞排出的有机酸的水平(Osanai >等人,2015; Hasunuma等人,2016; Iijima等人,2016; Ueda等人。 ...

Isolation of Chloroplast Inner and Outer Envelope Membranes
Author:
Date:
2015-02-20
[Abstract]  The chloroplast is an important organelle found in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis. It is enclosed by a pair of closely spaced membranes, the double-membrane envelope, consisting of the inner membrane bounding the matrix or stroma and the outer membrane in contact with the cytoplasm. Like many bio-membranes, the chloroplast envelope plays an important role in mediating the complex interactions between the chloroplast and the cytoplasm. The envelope is also the site of various biosynthetic reactions, including the formation of the galactolipids, which are the major components of both ... [摘要]  叶绿体是在进行光合作用的植物细胞中发现的重要细胞器。它被一对紧密间隔的膜包围,双膜包膜由包围基质或基质的内膜和与细胞质接触的外膜组成。像许多生物膜一样,叶绿体包膜在介导叶绿体和细胞质之间的复杂相互作用中起重要作用。包膜也是各种生物合成反应的位点,包括半乳糖脂的形成,半乳糖脂是包膜和类囊体膜的主要成分。内封套膜和外封套膜在结构和功能上都有差异。例如,外膜表现出比内膜剂量更低的膜内颗粒密度,表明外膜的蛋白质含量低。此外,外膜对于低分子量化合物是非特异性可渗透的,而内部膜对于这些化合物是不可渗透的,并且包含用于运输代谢物的几种易位体系统。
为了制备包膜,必须首先分离完整的叶绿体。然后通过以下方式分离内外膜:1)蛋白酶处理方法和2)基于外壳更轻且内膜更重的事实的离心方法。两种方法都需要首先分离完整的叶绿体。然而,离心分离可以得到纯的内外封套制剂,因此适合于随后的分析。此外,离心法可以避免在蛋白酶处理期间内皮多肽的破坏,因为一些蛋白酶可以进入内膜。此外,离心方法容易操作并且获得包含较少外部和内部信封膜的粘合区域的完全包封。在这里,我们描述了一种可靠的方法,用于从烟草中分离叶绿体的内和外包膜,这是相对不容易用于包膜分离的植物。

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