| Staining of Callose Depositions in Root and Leaf Tissues
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Author:
Date:
2015-03-20
[Abstract] The plant cell wall is a physical barrier, which fulfills a plethora of functions, for example it can efficiently prevent pathogen’s entry into the cell. In addition, its changing composition contributes to plants inducible defense mechanisms. This layer of defense includes pathogen perception and is followed by the activation of defense responses resulting, among others, in a modification and remodeling of the cell wall. This relatively late defense response (hours or days after contact with pathogen) comprises the accumulation of polysaccharides, such as the 1,3-ß-glucan callose, phenolic ...
[摘要] 植物细胞壁是物理屏障，其实现过多的功能，例如它可以有效地防止病原体进入细胞。此外，其变化的组成有助于植物诱导防御机制。该防御层包括病原体感知，并且随后是防御反应的激活，导致尤其是细胞壁的修饰和重塑。这种相对较晚的防御反应（与病原体接触后的几小时或几天）包括多糖例如1,3-β-葡聚糖胼cal质，酚类化合物和活性氧簇的积累。 Callose沉积在正常植物生长期间（例如在韧皮部中）发生，它们也可以是对不同应激刺激的反应。在对病原体攻击的反应期间，胼lose质沉积是细胞壁增强的必要部分，并且对于成功的植物防御是重要的。在这里，我们描述了染色胼lose体位置斑点的方法，其可以用于量化该防御反应。
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| Lignin Extraction and Quantification, a Tool to Monitor Defense Reaction at the Plant Cell Wall Level
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Author:
Date:
2015-03-20
[Abstract] Lignin is a complex polymer of phenolic compounds (monolignins), which contributes to the rigidity of the plant cell wall. Lignification is essential for plant development, however it is also one of the mechanisms of plant defense. Accumulation of lignin and the polymerization of monolignins at sides of pathogen attack protect the cell wall against cell wall-degrading enzymes and prevent therefore the pathogen’s penetration. In addition to cross-linkage of phenolic compounds, this resistance mechanism includes also callose and cellulose appositions on the cell wall. This results in structures ...
[摘要] 木质素是酚类化合物（木质素）的复杂聚合物，其有助于植物细胞壁的刚性。木质素是植物发育的关键，但它也是植物防御的机制之一。木质素的积累和木质素在病原体攻击侧的聚合保护细胞壁免受细胞壁降解酶的影响，从而防止病原体的渗透。除了酚类化合物的交联之外，该阻力机制还包括在细胞壁上的胼cal质和纤维素结合。这导致称为乳头的结构，其提供对由真菌附属物施加的机械压力的必要的抵抗力。因此，细胞壁中的木质素积累是植物防御反应的一部分。在这里我们描述了木质素和细胞壁酚类化合物的量化方法，其基于酸催化反应，产生适合于光度测量的有色和可溶性木质素 - 巯基乙酸酯复合物。
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| Preparation of Candida albicans Biofilms for Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Author:
Date:
2013-07-20
[Abstract] Transmission Electron Microscopy is a form of microscopy that allows for imaging of distinct portions of an individual cell. For Candida albicans biofilms, it is often used to visualize the cell walls of fixed samples of yeast and hyphae. This protocol describes how to grow, harvest, and fix Candida albicans biofilms in preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy.
[摘要] 透射电子显微术是允许对单个细胞的不同部分成像的显微镜检查的形式。 对于白色念珠菌生物膜，它通常用于可视化酵母和菌丝的固定样品的细胞壁。 此协议描述如何生长，收获和修复白色念珠菌生物膜准备透射电子显微镜。
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